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There are a number of factors that can affect the movement of particles in solids. These include thermal forces, pressure, and chemical potential ions. Particles also move due to collisions with other particles and the surrounding medium. The speed at which they move is dependent on their mass, density and temperature.
The the way freely moving particles move is a question that has been asked for a long time. The answer to the question is not easy to find, but it can be found in the article titled How Do Particles Tend To Move In Solids?
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Introduction
One of the things that makes teaching about solids, liquids, and gases so much fun is that their properties are all around us and easy to observe. In this section, you’ll find teaching ideas and links to resources that will help you explore the properties of these states of matter with your students.
When matter changes from one state to another, the particles that make up the matter change too. In a solid, the particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern and they don’t move around very much. In a liquid, the particles can move around more freely, but they are still close together. In a gas, the particles are far apart and moving quickly in all directions.
You can use the links below to explore each state of matter in more detail.
What are particles?
Particles are the smallest pieces of matter that exist. They are so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Particles are found in all three states of matter: liquids, gases and solids. In solids, particles are closely packed together and do not move around very much. This section of the website will teach you about how particles move in solids.
What are solids?
Solids are all around us. They are in the things we wear, the food we eat, the tools we use, and the furniture we sit on. Solids are also in the things we cannot see, such as the air we breathe and the water we drink. Solids are everywhere!
But what exactly are solids? Solids are made up of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are so small that you cannot see them without a microscope. The atoms in a solid are held together very tightly. This is why solids have a definite shape and volume (they take up space).
Liquids and gases are also made up of atoms, but the atoms in liquids and gases are not held together as tightly as they are in solids. This is why liquids and gases do not have a definite shape or volume (they do not take up space).
You can learn more about solids by exploring the links in this section. You will also find ideas for teaching about solids.
How do particles move in solids?
The information on this website is divided into three sections: solids, liquids, and gases. The sections are further divided into subtopics. Each subtopic has teaching ideas, links to resources, and suggestions for further exploration.
In the section on solids, you will find information on how particles move in solids. The subtopics include:
-How do particles move in solids?
-What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?
-What is the difference between a solid and a gas?
-What are the properties of solids?
-What are the different types of solids?
-How do Solids Form?
The types of motion
In liquids and gases, the particles move independently of one another. In solids, the particles are held more tightly together and usually vibrate about fixed locations. The types of motion that are possible in solids depend on the nature of the intermolecular forces between particles. If the intermolecular forces are strong, then only small vibrations are possible. If the intermolecular forces are weak, then larger-scale motion is possible.
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. The particles in liquids and gases are free to move around, so they tend to even out the concentration of particles throughout the space they occupy. Solids are different. The particles in solids are held in place by their attraction to one another, so they canufffdt just move around freely.
Even though the particles in solids canufffdt just move around freely, they can still diffuse. In other words, even though the particles in a solid are held in place, they can still move around slowly over time. The diffusion of particles in a solid is much slower than the diffusion of particles in a liquid or gas because the particles in a solid are much closer together than the particles in a liquid or gas.
One way to think about this is to imagine a container that is divided into two sections by a wall. On one side of the container there are a lot of Ping-Pong balls, and on the other side there are very few Ping-Pong balls. If you were to put a hole in the wall between the two sections, eventually ( over time) the Ping-Pong balls would diffuse from the side where there are a lot of them, to the side where there are very few Ping-Pong balls. This would happen because Ping-Pong balls tend to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
Lattice vibrations
In liquids and gases, particles tend to move around freely, bumping into each other randomly. But in a solid, particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement, held in place by strong electric forces. The particles can still vibrate, but they can only vibrate in certain ways. The most important of these are called lattice vibrations.
Thermal expansion
In solids, particles are packed together very closely and are unable to move far from their original positions. This is why solids keep their shape and are difficult to compress. The particles in a solid vibrate in place, but they do not move from one location to another.
One possible exception to this rule is thermal expansion, which is the tendency of particles in a solid to move farther apart when the solid is heated. Thermal expansion occurs because the kinetic energy of the particles increases as they are heated, causing them to vibrate more rapidly and with more energy. The increased energy of vibration causes the particles to move slightly farther apart, leading to thermal expansion.
Phase transitions
In a solid, the particles are closely packed together and can only vibrate. In a liquid, the particles are closer together than in a gas but are free to move around each other. In a gas, the particles are far apart and can move freely.
The behavior of particles in solids can be described by their motion in relation to the lattice (the geometric arrangement of the particles). The types of motion that describe this behavior are:
-Translation: The movement of the entire lattice. This is what happens when ice melts and water freezes.
-Rotation: The spinning of the lattice around an axis.
-Vibration: The shaking of the lattice. This is what happens when sound waves travel through a solid.
When a material changes from one state to another, it is said to undergo a phase transition. For example, when water freezes, it changes from a liquid to a solid (a phase transition from liquid to solid).
Conclusion
In gases and liquids, particles are free to move about independently of one another. In solids, however, particles are arranged in a repeating pattern and are forced to vibrate in place. All three phases of matter are distinguished by the way their particles move.
When liquids are in a solid, they tend to move around the particles. This is why when you pour water into a cup of coffee, it will be visible on the outside of the liquid. Reference: how do liquid particles move.
External References-
https://www.quora.com/How-do-particles-tend-to-move-in-solids
